How do soil swell and shrinkage affect earthwork quantities and elevations?

How do soil swell and shrinkage affect earthwork quantities and elevations?

• A. Soils expand with moisture and contract when dry; volumes change, affecting quantities and elevations.
• B. Soils swell only in winter and shrink only in summer; these seasonal effects do not affect quantities.
• C. Swell and shrinkage affect only color of soil and have no volumetric impact.
• D. They are negligible in heavy civil earthworks and can be ignored.

Answer: (A)